那西肽預混劑  Nosiheptide premixed

1.那西肽是一種含硫多肽類動物專用抗生素，屬于環(huán)保型飼料添加劑
  Nosiheptide is a kind of special sulfur-polypeptide antibiotic for animal, environmentally feed additives.
l明顯促進畜禽生長，改善飼料利用率
  Significantly promote the growth of livestock and poultry, improve the feed efficiency.
l不產(chǎn)生耐藥性，與其他抗生素無交叉耐藥性
  No resistance, no cross resistance with other antibiotics.
l在動物腸道內(nèi)不被吸收，無藥物殘留
  Not to be absorbed in animal intestinal tract,no drug residue. 
l對人、畜安全，對環(huán)境環(huán)保
  It’s safe to human and livestock, environmental protection to the environment. 
2.那西肽是20世紀60年代有法國科學家從阿根廷土壤中分離出來的一種抗生素，是一優(yōu)良的非吸收型飼料添加劑，添加在飼料中不影響適口性，對豬、雞、鴨、蝦和淡水魚等水產(chǎn)動物都有促生長增重作用，提高飼料轉化率的效果。法國和日本已正式將它作為飼料添加劑投放到市場，也是我國近年批準使用的獸用抗生素，作為飼料添加劑在畜牧業(yè)屆得到了越來越多的廣泛使用。
  In the 1960s，Nosiheptide is separated from the Argentina soil by French scientists, is a good type of non-absorptive feed additives.It doesn’t affect the palatability of feed, it promotes the growth and weight of pig、chicken、duck、shrimp、fresh** fish and other aquatic animals, it also improves the feed efficiency. France and Japan have officially put it to the market as feed additives, it is the antibiotic approved by Agriculture Ministry of China in recent years,it’s used more and more times in animal husbandry. 
3.理化性質
  那西肽為黃綠色物質，呈粉末狀或細針狀結晶，熔點為310-320℃（伴隨分解）。那西肽可溶于氯仿、二甲基酰胺、二甲基亞砜，微溶于甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯和苯，不溶于水和石油醚。
Physicochemical property:
Yellow-green material, powder or fine needle crystal,its melting point is 310-320℃(with decomposition ).It’s soluble in chloroform, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide,lightly soluble in carbinol, ethanol, acetidin and benzene,not soluble in ** and petroleum ether.
4.作用機制
那西肽對革蘭氏陽性菌具有較高的活性，尤其是葡萄球菌。同時對一些革蘭氏陰性菌也有效，如出血敗血性巴斯德氏菌和卡他奈必瑟氏菌。作用機制是阻礙細菌蛋白質合成，在低濃度時抑菌作用，在高濃度時呈殺菌作用。由于那西肽阻抑了腸道內(nèi)有害菌的繁殖，使腸道管壁吸收機能正常，因為促進了動物生長，提高了飼料利用率，不易產(chǎn)生耐藥性，與其他抗生素無交叉耐藥性。**小，對人、畜安全。由于該抗生素能明顯促進動物生長，而且在動物體內(nèi)無殘留，是優(yōu)良的非吸收型飼料添加劑。
Mechanism of action:
Nosiheptide has strong activity on against G- bacterium and G+ bacterium,especially staphylococcus. The mechanism of action is restraining the protein synthesis. Control the bacteria in the low concentration,kill the bacteria in the high concentration. Nosiheptide resist the breeding of harmful bacterium in the intestinal tract, so it promotes the growth of livestock and poultry, improves the feed efficiency. No resistance, no cross resistance with other antibiotics. Small toxicity, safe to human and livestock. No drug residue, is a good type of non-absorptive feed additives.
5.耐藥性   Resistance
a)用葡萄球菌和鏈球菌對那西肽作恒量傳代試驗，結果顯示，這兩株菌對那西肽沒有耐藥性。
The test to Nosiheptide using staphylococcus and streptococcus shows,these two strains has no resistance. 
b)用對各種抗生素耐藥的金黃色葡萄球菌做那西肽的敏感性試驗，結果顯示，那西肽和其他抗生素之間沒有交叉影響，這說明那西肽不會引起交叉耐藥性。
The Sensitivity test to Nosiheptide using golden staphylococcus shows, Nosiheptide has no cross resistance with other antibiotics. It shows that Nosiheptide won't cause cross resistance.
6.對環(huán)境的影響
被排出的那西肽在豬和雞的糞中的半衰期分別為一個月和20天，將這些糞作為配料施于植物方面，發(fā)現(xiàn)那西肽在植物組織內(nèi)無殘留，且對高等植物除草劑活性以及殺蟲劑的活性都沒有抑制作用。對部分藻類及部分土壤細菌有抑制作用。對活性污泥微生物沒有阻礙活性，而且沒有副作用。因此那西肽對于環(huán)境的影響可以認為是極小的。
The impact on the environment:
The half-life of discharged Nosiheptide in dejecta of pig and chicken is one month and 20 days, applied these dejecta as ingredients to plants,found that Nosiheptide has no drug residues in plant, and no inhibitory action on higher plan herbicide activity and insecticide activity.It has inhibitory action on part of some algae and soil bacteria. No hindered activity on the active sludge microbial, and no side effects. Therefore the impact on the environment of Nosiheptide is minuteness.
7.殘留性
l給雞飼喂那西肽0-250mg/kg,連續(xù)8周，給豬飼喂那西肽0-500mg/kg，連續(xù)90天，在給藥中間以及停止給藥后的0-7天屠宰，檢測結果顯示，肝、肌肉、脾、心臟等的殘留量均小于0.025mg/kg（臨界值以下）。
Residual property:
Feed the chicken 0-250mg/kg Nosiheptide for 8 weeks,  
feed the pig 0-500mg/kg Nosiheptide for 90days, slaughter them in medicine time or after the treatment of 0-7 days,the result shows, the residual quantity of liver、 muscle、spleen、heart is lower than 0.025mg/kg.( below the critical value ).
l用C14標記的那西肽進行了跟蹤給藥試驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分那西肽排入糞便之中，這說明其在腸道內(nèi)發(fā)揮了作用，但沒被分解和吸收，排泄于動物糞便中，即在動物的臟器和組織內(nèi)無殘留。
Do test using C14 Nosiheptide,the test shows,most of Nosiheptide are discharged to dejecta,this proves that Nosiheptide plays a role in the intestinal but not broken down and absorbed, no drug residue in animal visceras.
l對喂養(yǎng)那西肽2.5mg/kg、5mg/kg的肉雞停藥16、48以及72小時后屠宰，對雞的肌肉、肝、肌肉、脾、腎、心等臟器進行了不同方法的檢測，結果顯示，那西肽的殘留均低于0.01mg/kg。
Slaughter the chicken after 16、48 and 72hs with the treatment of 2.5mg/kg、5mg/kg, detect the muscle、heart and other visceras with different methods,the result shows, the residual quantity of Nosiheptide are all lower than 0.01mg/kg. 
l中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學（2008）進行了那西肽對豬的殘留消除試驗，結果表明，豬連續(xù)28天飼喂那西肽20mg/kg，豬的肌肉、肝臟和腎臟未檢測到那西肽殘留，說明那西肽在動物腸道內(nèi)吸收很少，動物組織中幾乎無藥物殘留。
China Agricultural University(2008)does a test,the result shows, feed the pig 20mg/kg Nosiheptide for 28days,no residue in muscle and other visceras.
  南美白對蝦連續(xù)90天飼喂含2.5mg/kg那西肽的日糧，在給藥中間及停止給藥后的12、24、48、72和148h取樣，結果顯示，那西肽在南美白對蝦肌肉和頭組織中的濃度小于0.01mg/kg。
Feed the Penaeus Vannamei 2.5mg/kg Nosiheptide for 90days, select samples after 12、24、48、72 and 148hs with the treatment,the result shows, the residual quantity of Nosiheptide in muscle and head are lower than 0.01mg/kg.
8.安全性
l中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學國家獸藥殘留基準實驗室進行了那西肽對豬的安全性試驗。實驗結果表明，連續(xù)28天給豬飼喂20-100mg/kg那西肽，對豬進食量、行動、呼吸和排泄沒有不良影響。分別在給藥前給藥28天，停藥3天后采血，檢測血液生化標準，與各項指標前后差異沒有變化。說明那西肽在20-100mg/kg計量范圍內(nèi)對豬是安全的。
Safety:
China Agricultural University national veterinary drug residue reference laboratories does the safety test to pig. Feed the pig 20-100mg/kg Nosiheptide for 28days,there is no adverse effect to the food, action, breath and excretion.This shows,the range of 20-100mg/kg is safe to pig.
l那西肽的**很小。急性**試驗顯示，那西肽對大鼠的口服半致死量LD大于13060mg/kg體重，皮下注射半致死量大于4160mg/kg體重；用含那西肽200、1000和2600mg/kg的飼料喂大鼠3個月進行了慢性試驗，臨床檢查、血液檢查、生化學檢查均沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)那西肽**。
Small toxicity. Acute toxicity test shows,the LD of oral medicine to rat is more than 13060mg/kg, the LD of hypodermic injection is more than 4160mg/kg. No toxicity in Clinical examination, blood test and biochemistry examination.
l那西肽無致突變性。對那西肽做體外誘發(fā)基因損壞的試驗為陰性。用小鼠做宿主進行的Ames試驗和微核試驗都顯示那西肽不會引起基因損傷。
Nosiheptide has no mutagenicity, the result of Ames mutagenicity test is negative
l那西肽無致畸性。妊娠小鼠每天強制性給1000、2000以及5000mg/kg那西肽，試驗和微核試驗結果顯示那西肽的致畸性為陰性。
Nosiheptide has no teratogenicity. Compellently feed rat 1000、2000 and 5000mg/kg Nosiheptide every day,the result of teratogenicity test is negative
l那西肽對家畜也是安全的。肉雞飼料添加那西肽0-250mg/kg，斷奶仔豬飼料添加那西肽0-500mg/kg，經(jīng)觀察，在增重、采食和一般健康狀況等方面均正常，進行解剖，血檢等也未見異常，繁殖性能和生產(chǎn)性能未受到影響。
Safe to livestock.Feed 0-250mg/kg Nosiheptide to chicken and 0-500mg/kg to pig,the result shows，there is no effect to reproductive performance and production performance.
二、那西肽在養(yǎng)禽中的應用
Application of Nosiheptide in poultry 
那西肽對肉雞增重和飼料效率的影響
Effect to weight and feed efficiency of chicken
l試驗一：那西肽可促進肌肉增重，改善飼料報酬，提高雛雞成活率。綜合考慮，那西肽在雞飼料中以添加2.5-5.0mg/kg。
Test 1: Nosiheptide can promote the growth of livestock and poultry, improve the feed efficiency and survival rate. Overall,add 2.5-5.0mg/kg Nosiheptide to chicken feed is best.
l試驗二：肉雞飼料中添加1.25、2.5、5.0mg/kg的那西肽可有效促進肉仔雞增重、提高飼料轉化率，以2.5mg/kg那西肽的效果最為明顯。
Test 2：Add 1.25、2.5、5.0mg/kg Nosiheptide to chicken feed can promote the growth and improve the feed efficiency, 2.5mg/kg is best.
那西肽對鴨增重和飼料效率的影響
Effect to weight and feed efficiency of duck
l試驗一：分別以0.625mg/kg那西肽組、1.25mg/kg那西肽組、2.5mg/kg那西肽組、100mg/kg金霉素組和空白對照組，結果顯示，那西肽可促進肉鴨生長，提高飼料效率，其中以添加1.25mg/kg那西肽。
Test 1:Compare 5 groups: 0.625mg/kg Nosiheptide group、 1.25mg/kg Nosiheptide group、2.5mg/kg Nosiheptide group with 100mg/kg Aureomycin group and blank group,the result shows: Nosiheptide can promote the growth of duck, improve the feed efficiency. Add 2.5-5.0mg/kg Nosiheptide is best.
l試驗二：用1000只肉鴨進行了那西肽對其生長性能影響的實驗，實驗結果表明，肉鴨飼料中添加0.5mg/kg和1.0mg/kg那西肽可顯著促進肉鴨生長，提高飼料效率。
Test 2:The result of 1000 ducks shows, add 0.5mg/kg and 1.0mg/kg Nosiheptide to duck feed can promote the growth and improve the feed efficiency.
三、那西肽在養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中的應用
Application of Nosiheptide in pig
對豬增重和飼料效率的影響
Effect to weight and feed efficiency of pig
l試驗一:那西肽能明顯促進仔豬和生長豬的增重，并能提高飼料轉化率，防止腹瀉，提高仔豬的存活率。2.5-20mg/kg那西肽投喂斷奶豬仔持續(xù)12周能提高增重5-20%，改善飼料效率5-15%，特別從離開母乳后4周以內(nèi)有明顯的改善效果，并且具有抑制仔豬腸炎的作用。
Test 1:Significantly promote the growth of piglet and grower, improve the feed efficiency and survival rate, prevent diarrhea. Add 2.5-20mg/kg Nosiheptide to piglet for 12 weeks can gain weight 5-20%, improve the feed efficiency 5-15%,and inhibit piglet enteritis.
l試驗二：在豬飼料中添加那西肽，體重增加在6.8mg/kg時，飼料利用率在5.5mg/kg時，且在冬天的環(huán)境條件下特別有效。
Test  2: Add Nosiheptide to pig feed, the feed efficiency is highest in 5.5 mg/kg and heaviest in 6.8mg/kg, especially effective in winter.
l試驗三：仔豬日糧添加那西肽、阿美拉霉素和維吉尼亞霉素，飼喂36天。結果表明，那西肽組的日增重，比阿美拉霉素組提高4.5%（P>0.05），比維吉尼亞霉素組提高13.4%（P<0.05）,料重比差異不顯著（P>0.05）.
Test  3:Add Nosiheptide、avilamycin and virginiamycin to pig diet for 36 days.The result shows,the daily gain is higher than avilamycin and virginiamycin.
l試驗四：那西肽和硫酸粘菌素藥物組合對仔豬（8-20kg）生產(chǎn)性能和腹瀉率的影響。結果表明，那西肽5mg/kg和硫酸粘菌素40mg/kg配合使用，可顯著提高仔豬日增重，降低料重比，減少仔豬腹瀉的發(fā)生。
Effect to production performance and diarrhea rate of Nosiheptide and colistin sulfate.The result shows,use Nosiheptide 5mg/kg together with colistin sulfate 40mg/kg can improve the daily gain ,prevent diarrhea.
對豬的安全性試驗
l中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學（2008）進行了豬飼喂那西肽的安全性試驗。健康豬連續(xù)28天飼喂20mg/kg、60mg/kg和100mg/kg那西肽，對豬。分別在給藥前、給藥28天，停藥3天、停藥5天后采血，檢測血液生化標準。結果表明，豬飼喂20-100 mg/kg那西肽連用28天，進食、行動、呼吸和排泄均未見異常，沒有觀察到任何不良反應，對豬血液生理生化指標也沒有不良影響。
China Agricultural University（2008） does the safety test to pig. Feed the healthy pig 20mg/kg、60mg/kg and 100mg/kg Nosiheptide for 28days. The test of  biochemical blood standard shows,there is no adverse effect to the food, action, breath and excretion, no any adverse reactions.
四、那西肽在水產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)中的應用
Application of Nosiheptide in aquaculture production
l試驗一：實驗研究在飼料中添加2mg/kg和3mg/kg那西肽對南美白對蝦生長性能結果表明，與空白對照組和黃霉素組相比，以添加2mg/kg那西肽效果，且降低了飼料系數(shù)，提高蛋白質效率。
Test 1:Add 2mg/kg and 3mg/kg Nosiheptide to Penaeus Vanmamei feed,the result shows,compare with blank group and flavomycin group, add 2 mg/kg Nosiheptide is best, reduce the feed coefficient, improve the protein efficiency.
l試驗二：浙江大學戴賢君研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，飼料添加1.25-5mg/kg那西肽能顯著促進南美白對蝦的生長，降低餌料系數(shù)，以2.5mg/kg效果。此外，那西肽還能提高蝦的成活率，增強抗應激能力。
Dai Xianjun of Zhejiang university studied and found that 1.25-5mg/kg Nosiheptide can significantly promote the growth of Penaeus Vanmamei, reduce the feed coefficient, add 2.5 mg/kg Nosiheptide is best. In addition, Nosiheptide can improve the survival rate and increase anti-stress ability.
l試驗三：那西肽在奧尼羅非魚上的試驗結果表明，添加0.25-3mg/kg的那西肽對羅非魚增長率均顯著高于空白對照組，增重率比對照組提高了10.5-47.8%（P<0.05）;餌料系數(shù)分別比對照組降低了4.6-16.7%（P<0.05）。以生長和餌料系數(shù)為指標，建議奧尼羅非魚飼料中那西肽的適宜添加量為1.0mg/kg。
Test 3: Add 0.25-3mg/kg Nosiheptide to Tilapia feed,the result shows,the growth rate is higher 10.5-47.8% than blank group（P<0.05）, the feed coefficient is lower 4.6-16.7% than blank group（P<0.05）. With growth and feed coefficient for the index, add 1.0mg/kg Nosiheptide to Tilapia feed is best. 
l試驗四：浙江大學進行了那西肽對鱸魚生長性能試驗。結果表明，飼料添加1.25mg/kg的那西肽能顯著提高寶石鱸的日增重，降低餌料系數(shù)，同時能促進小腸絨毛發(fā)育，使小腸絨毛發(fā)育完整，分布均勻，大小一致，排列緊密、規(guī)則。
Zhejiang university tests the Growth Performance of weever.The result shows, add 1.25mg/kg Nosiheptide can significantly promote the daily growth of weever, reduce the feed coefficient, promote the development of  intestinal villi.
l試驗五：那西肽在水產(chǎn)中殘留研究試驗。用2.5mg/kg那西肽飼養(yǎng)南美白對蝦90天，在給藥中間及停止給藥后的12、24、48、72和148h分別取樣，剝殼分別取其肌肉（含腸道）和蝦頭作為樣品。用高效液相色譜法測定那西肽殘留。高效液相色譜儀檢測的靈敏度為0.01mg/kg。結果顯示，在蝦體和蝦頭中那西肽的殘留均小于0.01mg/kg。日本肯定列表制度中規(guī)定，在畜產(chǎn)品（肌肉、脂肪、肝臟、腎臟以及其他可食用組織）中，那西肽的殘留限量為0.03mg/kg。因此可認為那西肽在蝦組織中沒有殘留。
Feed the shrimp 2.5mg/kg Nosiheptide for 90days, select muscle and head as samples after 12、24、48、72 and 148hs with the treatment. Mensurate Nosiheptide residue by efficient liquid chromatography.The result shows, the residual quantity of Nosiheptide in muscle and head are all lower than 0.01mg/kg. According to ** Positive List System rules, the highest residue limits within 0.03 mg/kg in muscle、 fat、liver、kidney and other edible organization. So there is no residue in shrimp organization.
五、規(guī)格：Specification
0.5%：每100g中含有那西肽0.5g。
1.0%：每100g中含有那西肽1.0g。
Hongfukang0.5%:100g:0.5g
Hongfukang1.0%:100g:1.0g
六、使用方法：Usage
混飼：Mix with feed
雞： chicken;2-5mg/kg
豬： pig; 2.5-20mg/kg
鴨： duck; 1.0-5mg/kg
魚、蝦：fish and shrimp; 0.5-2.5mg/kg
（以有效成分計）
七、包裝和貯存：Package and storage
25kg/袋，貯存于陰涼干燥處，有效期為二年。
25kg per sack, stored in cool and dry place for 2 years.
八、注意事項：Notice
宰前7天停止用藥。
Stop for 7days before slaughter